Cicerone Certified Beer Server Practice Exam

What characteristic distinguishes ales from lagers in terms of fermentation?

1. Ales ferment at cooler temperatures

2. Ales ferment with bottom-fermenting yeast

3. Ales ferment at warmer temperatures

4. Ales ferment without additives

The correct answer is: Ales ferment at warmer temperatures

The distinguishing characteristic of ales compared to lagers lies in the fermentation temperatures. Ales are fermented at warmer temperatures, typically between 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (15 to 24 degrees Celsius). This warmer fermentation encourages the use of top-fermenting yeast, known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which rises to the top during fermentation and contributes to the unique flavor profiles associated with ales. In contrast, lagers ferment at cooler temperatures, usually between 45 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit (7 to 13 degrees Celsius), and utilize bottom-fermenting yeast, such as Saccharomyces pastorianus. This key difference in fermentation temperature significantly affects the flavor, aroma, and overall character of the final beer product, making it a fundamental aspect of distinguishing these two major categories of beer.